基于GNSS完好性的ADS-B防欺骗

吕宗平; 倪育德; 陈君; 路璐

引用本文:	吕宗平，倪育德，陈君，路璐. 基于GNSS完好性的ADS-B防欺骗[J]. 雷达科学与技术, 2018, 16(4): 359-365.[点击复制]
	LYU Zongping, NI Yude, CHEN Jun, LU Lu. Anti-Spoofing for ADS-B Based on GNSS Integrity[J]. Radar Science and Technology, 2018, 16(4): 359-365.[点击复制]

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基于GNSS完好性的ADS-B防欺骗
吕宗平，倪育德，陈君，路璐
1.中国民航大学国家空管运行安全技术重点实验室，天津300300;2.中国民航大学电子信息与自动化学院，天津300300

摘要:

为有效解决广播式自动相关监视（ADS-B）系统易被人为恶意虚假欺骗这一紧迫问题，提出了一种将全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）完好性信息与ADS-B报文完好性特征属性参数进行一致性比对的自主式防欺骗方法。设计了基于GNSS完好性信息的ADS-B自主式防欺骗算法流程，并利用ADS-B接收机接收的真实报文和模拟产生的虚假报文，对整个防欺骗过程实施了仿真实验。通过对真假ADS-B混合报文的解析，获得时间、位置和导航不确定类别（NUC）的值，根据时间和位置信息利用接收机自主完好性监视（RAIM）和高级接收机自主完好性监视（ARAIM）的完好性增强算法，获得水平保护级（HPL）的预测值，再将该预测值与NUC值进行一致性比对，从而判别ADS-B报文的真实性。仿真结果表明，提出的防欺骗方法能有效防止不含完好性信息或完好性信息与飞机位置不关联的虚假ADS-B报文的恶意欺骗，对虚假报文的识别率不会低于99%。

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672-2337.2018.04.002

分类号:TN967.5

基金项目:国家空管委基金（No.GKG201410004）；中央高校基本科研业务费（No.ZXH2011C013）；民航安全能力建设项目（No.AADSA0007）

Anti-Spoofing for ADS-B Based on GNSS Integrity

LYU Zongping, NI Yude, CHEN Jun, LU Lu

1.National Key Laboratory of Air Traffic Operation Safety Technology, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China;2.College of Electronic Information and Automation, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China

Abstract:

The automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) system is vulnerable to false spoofing that is artificially malicious. In order to effectively solve the pressing issue, an autonomous anti-spoofing method is put forward in this paper, in which the consistence comparison is made between the integrity information of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and the attribute parameters of integrity contained in ADS-B messages. The autonomous anti-spoofing algorithm flow is designed based on GNSS integrity information, and the whole process of anti-spoofing is simulated by use of the true messages received by ADS-B receiver and the false messages generated by simulation. The time, position and navigation uncertainty category (NUC) are obtained by decoding the mixture of true and false ADS-B messages, then the prediction about horizontal protection level (HPL) is acquired according to the time and position based on receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) and advanced receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (ARAIM), and therefore the truth of ADS-B messages is finally decided by the consistence comparison between the prediction of HPL and the NUC. The simulation results show that the proposed anti-spoofing method can effectively prevent the malicious spoofing caused by the false ADS-B messages which do not contain the integrity information, or in which the integrity is not related to the position of aircraft, and the rate to recognize the false messages is not less than 99%.

Key words: automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) anti-spoofing receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) advanced receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (ARAIM) horizontal protection level (HPL) navigation uncertainty category (NUC)