| 摘要: |
| 在城市等多径环境中，针对点信源建模的两步定位跟踪方法计算复杂度高、对多径参数估计敏感，而相干分布式（Coherently Distributed, CD）信源建模的中心到达角（Direction Of Arrival, DOA）跟踪方法未能实现目标定位跟踪的问题，本文提出了一种基于环境散射的精确无源定位跟踪方法。首先，利用二维分布式参数完整描述多径信号空间分布，降低模型复杂度；随后，基于环境散射和运动单站先验信息，将定位跟踪问题转换为条件约束的分布式参数动态估计问题；最后，基于扩展卡尔曼滤波（Extended Kalman Filter EKF）方法实现参数实时估计。仿真结果表明本文所提EKF方法性能逼近无迹卡尔曼滤波（Unscented Kalman Filter, UKF）方法，信噪比（Signal-to-Noise Ratio, SNR）为5dB时达到1%R的误差指标，算法复杂度和鲁棒性上更具优势。本文方法在城市电磁频谱监控具有良好的应用前景。 |
| 关键词: 相干分布式信源 先验信息 无源定位跟踪 多径环境 运动单站 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:TN911.7 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学(U23B2013):“面向跨域协同的目标探测与智能态势感知理论和关键技术” |
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| Environmental-Scattering-Based Accurate Passive Localization and Tracking in Urban Environments |
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蒋景飞
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| Abstract: |
| In multipath environments such as urban areas, two-step localization and tracking methods based on point-source modeling suffer from high computational complexity and sensitivity to multipath parameter estimation, whereas the central direction-of-arrival (DOA) tracking method based on coherently distributed (CD) source modeling fails to achieve target localization and tracking. To address these problems, this paper proposes an accurate passive localization and tracking method based on environmental scattering. First, two-dimensional distributed parameters are used to fully characterize the spatial distribution of multipath signals, thereby reducing model complexity. Then, based on environmental scattering and prior information of a moving single station, the localization and tracking problem is transformed into a constrained dynamic estimation problem of distributed parameters. Finally, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) is adopted to achieve real-time parameter estimation. Simulation results show that the proposed EKF method achieves performance comparable to that of the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) method, attaining an error metric of 1%R at a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 5 dB, with advantages in algorithmic complexity and robustness. This demonstrates that the proposed method holds promising prospects for urban electromagnetic spectrum monitoring. |
| Key words: coherently distributed (CD) source prior information passive localization and tracking multipath environment moving station |